Philosophy Library

Classical Greek philosopher (470-399 BCE) who laid the foundations of Western philosophy. Known for the Socratic method of questioning, he wrote nothing himself but is known through the accounts of his students, particularly Plato.

Greek philosopher (428/427-348/347 BCE), student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle. Founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

Greek philosopher and polymath (384-322 BCE), student of Plato and tutor to Alexander the Great. His works cover physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, psychology, and politics.

Chinese philosopher and politician (551-479 BCE) whose teachings emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, and sincerity. His philosophy, known as Confucianism, has deeply influenced East Asian life and thought.

Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and theologian (1225-1274) who synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Christian doctrine. His work Summa Theologica is considered one of the most influential works in Western philosophy and theology.

German philosopher (1724-1804) who is a central figure in modern philosophy. His "Critique of Pure Reason" revolutionized epistemology, and his moral philosophy, particularly the categorical imperative, remains highly influential.

German philosopher, cultural critic, and philologist (1844-1900) whose work has exerted a profound influence on modern intellectual history. Known for his critiques of religion, morality, and conventional philosophical ideas.

French philosopher, mystic, and political activist (1909-1943) whose work combines spiritual insights with analysis of social and political issues. Known for her commitment to experiencing the conditions of those she sought to help.